Simple exploration of Bis(benzonitrile)palladium chloride

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Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Anthraquinone Complexes Exhibit Strong Anticancer Activity in Hypoxic Tumor Cells

Hypoxia is the critical feature of the tumor microenvironment that is known to lead to resistance to many chemotherapeutic drugs. Six novel ruthenium(II) anthraquinone complexes were designed and synthesized; they exhibit similar or superior cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin in hypoxic HeLa, A549, and multidrug-resistant (A549R) tumor cell lines. Their anticancer activities are related to their lipophilicity and cellular uptake; therefore, these physicochemical properties of the complexes can be changed by modifying the ligands to obtain better anticancer candidates. Complex 1, the most potent member of the series, is highly active against hypoxic HeLa cancer cells (IC50=0.53 muM). This complex likely has 46-fold better activity than cisplatin (IC50=24.62 muM) in HeLa cells. This complex tends to accumulate in the mitochondria and the nucleus of hypoxic HeLa cells. Further mechanistic studies show that complex 1 induced cell apoptosis during hypoxia through multiple pathways, including those of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the inhibition of DNA replication and HIF-1alpha expression, making it an outstanding candidate for further in vivo studies. Simply the best: The cytotoxicities of RuII complexes are consistent with their hydrophobicity and cellular uptake properties. Cyclometalated RuII anthraquinone complexes were found to exhibit strong anticancer activity in hypoxic cancer cells through multiple synergistic pathways (see figure).

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Combination regimens using progesterone receptor modulators

This invention relates to cyclic combination therapies and regimens utilizing substituted indoline derivative compounds which are antagonists of the progesterone receptor having the general structure: wherein R1 and R2 may be single substituents or fused to form spirocyclic or hetero-spirocyclic rings; R3 is H, OH, NH2, C1 to C6 alkyl, substituted C1 to C6 allyl C3 to C6 alkenyl, substituted C1 to C6 alkenyl, alkynyl, or substituted alknyl, CORC; RC is H, C1 to C3 alkyl, substituted C1 to C3 alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, C1 to C3 alkoxy, substituted C1 to C3 alkoxy, C1 to C3 aminoalkyl, or substituted C1 to C3 aminoalkyl; R4 is H, halogen, CN, NO2, C1 to C6 alkyl, substituted C1 to C6 alkyl alkynyl, or substituted alkynyl, C1 to C6 alkoxy, substituted C1 to C6 alkoxy, amino, C1 to C6 aminoalkyl, or substituted C1 to C6 aminoalkyl; and R5 is selected from a trisubstituted benzene ring of a five or six membered ring with 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms from the group including O, S, SO, SO2 or NR6 and containing one or two independent substituents from the group including H, halogen, CN, NO2, amino, and C1 to C3 alkyl, C1 to C3 alkoxy, C1 to C3 aminoalkyl, CORF, or NRGCORF; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These methods of treatment may be used for contraception or for the treatment and/or prevention of secondary amenorrhea, dysfunctional bleeding, uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis; polycystic ovary syndrome, carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the endometrium, ovary, breast, colon, prostate, or inmization of side effects or cyclic menstrual bleeding. Additional uses of the invention include stimulation of food intake.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Final Thoughts on Chemistry for 53199-31-8

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Dinuclear Pd(i) complexes – Solely precatalysts? Demonstration of direct reactivity of a Pd(i) dimer with an aryl iodide

This report provides experimental, computational and spectroscopic data in support of the direct reactivity of a Pd(i) dimer with an aryl iodide, resulting in Br/I halogen exchange between the complex and the aryl iodide. The reactivity could not be achieved through analogous Pd(0) conditions, demonstrating the distinct reactivities at such multiple Pd-sites. Computational studies support that the direct oxidative addition to ArI by the dinuclear metal complex is energetically feasible.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Awesome Chemistry Experiments For Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-chloroform

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Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of sec- and tert-Alcohols

A general palladium-catalyzed synthesis of linear esters directly from sec- and tert-alcohols is described. Compared to the classic Koch?Haaf reaction, which leads to branched products, this new transformation gives the corresponding linear esters in high yields and selectivity. Key for this protocol is the use of an advanced palladium catalyst system with L2 (pytbpx) as the ligand. A variety of aliphatic and benzylic alcohols can be directly used and the catalyst efficiency for the benchmark reaction is outstanding (turnover number up to 89 000).

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

The Absolute Best Science Experiment for 72287-26-4

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Reference of 72287-26-4, Because a catalyst decreases the height of the energy barrier, its presence increases the reaction rates of both the forward and the reverse reactions by the same amount.72287-26-4, Name is [1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), molecular formula is C34H28Cl2FeP2Pd. In a article£¬once mentioned of 72287-26-4

A 3-aryl-2-cyclopenten-1-one compound method for the synthesis of (by machine translation)

The invention relates to a kind of the following formula (III) shown in the 3 […] aryl -2 the […] cyclopentene -1 the method for synthesizing compound of […], the method comprising: under a nitrogen atmosphere, in an organic solvent, the catalyst, in the presence of alkali and, the following formula (I) compounds and the following formula (II) compound in 40 the […] 50 C reaction under the 1 […] 2 hours, then raise the temperature, in the 70 […] 80 C reaction under the 4 […] 6 hours, so as to obtain the compound of said formula (III), wherein R 1 to C 1 ? C 6 alkyl or C 1 ? C 6 alkoxythiophene; R 2 to C 1 ? C 6 alkyl or halogenated C 1 ? C 6 alkyl; X is or S N; n is 1 or 2. The stated method, through catalyst, alkali, organic solvent, etc. of the auxiliary agent and combined and synergies, and through the control of reaction temperature, thus the objective product may be obtained in a high yield, in the field of organic synthesis technology has good prospects and research potential application of. (by machine translation)

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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2,6-Bis(2-Benzimidazolyl)Pyridine Fluorescent Red-Shifted Sensor for Recognition of Zinc(II) and a Calorimetric Sensor for Iron Ions

The ability of 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine (bbp) as an optical sensor was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, colorimetric and UV-visible techniques. The fluorescence spectra of bbp demonstrated a red-shifted upon addition of Zn2+ ion, whereas rest of the cations did not induce any shift. Selectivity of the sensor was examined toward Zn2+ in the presence of a wide range of cations, as interfering agents, that showed no disruption in its function. In addition, the pH effect was tested on the fluorescence response of bbp; which showed the efficiency of the sensor in a wide pH range. The limit of detection for Zn2+ was estimated as 2.1?muM. Furthermore, the colorimetric studies were carried out and the observations showed a color change from colorless to purple by the addition of Fe2+ ion and from colorless to yellow by the addition of Fe3+. The UV-visible studies were carried out to confirm the colorimetric observations. The color changes occurred when Fe2+ and Fe3+ were added to the sensors solution, respectively. The detection limits were calculated as 2.8?¡Á?10?7?M and 3.5?¡Á?10?6?M for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. Hence, bbp can be used as a dual mode optical sensor for detection of Zn2+ by fluorescence and discriminately detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ visually.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Direct cross-coupling access to diverse aromatic sulfide: Palladium-catalyzed double C-S bond construction using Na2S 2O3 as a sulfurating reagent

The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides, alkyl halides, and Na 2S2O3¡¤5H2O to deliver aromatic thioethers is described. Pyridine, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, and pyrazine are all amenable to this protocol. The odorless and stable solid Na2S2O 3¡¤5H2O was used as a convenient and environmentally friendly source of sulfur. Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings without thiols or thiophenols to build C-S bonds have not previously been achieved, which renders our observation more striking.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

More research is needed about 21797-13-7

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Synthetic Route of 21797-13-7, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.21797-13-7, Name is Tetrakis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) tetrafluoroborate, molecular formula is C8H12B2F8N4Pd. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 21797-13-7

Self-Assembled Palladium and Platinum Coordination Cages: Photophysical Studies and Anticancer Activity

Self-assembled coordination cages are interesting as drug-delivery systems. Therefore, the synthesis of new M2L4(M = Pd, Pt) molecular cages derived from highly fluorescent, rigid polyaromatic ligands is reported herein, and the first Pt2L4cage with a ligand consisting of three pyridine moieties is described. The photophysical properties were examined, and they showed high quantum yields Phi of up to 48 % for the methoxy-functionalized ligands. Coordination of the ligands to palladium and platinum ions did, however, reduce the fluorescence of the metallocages. The host?guest chemistry of the palladium cages with cisplatin was investigated, which confirmed the encapsulation. The cages encapsulating cisplatin show significantly increased cytotoxicity towards A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells relative to that shown by cisplatin and, thus, appear to be promising delivery vectors for the anticancer drug cisplatin.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium

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The coupling reactions of aryl halides and phenols catalyzed by palladium and MOP-type ligands

Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl halides and phenols are described employing the bulky and electron-rich MOP-type ligands. When K3PO4 was used as base and toluene as solvent, the catalyst system exhibited high efficiency for the coupling reaction of the activated aryl halides. When NaH was used as base and o-xylene as solvent, unactivated aryl halides can be used as substrates.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Brief introduction of 72287-26-4

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H2 storage abilities of some novel Pd(II) complexes containing 2H[1,4]benzothiazin-3(4H)-one

Initially, a novel series of mixed ligand Pd(II) complexes of 2H[1,4]benzothiazin-3(4H)-one (Hbto) and diamine or phosphine ligands were successfully prepared with yields of 61 to 92%. The treatment of Na2PdCl4 with Hbto in acetone with 1:2 Pd to Hbto ratio affords cis-[PdCl2(Hbto)2] (1) that delivers an appropriate entry into mixed-ligand Hbto complexes. The complex (1) was used as a precursor for preparation the complexes of the type [Pd(Hbto)2(kappa2-diamine)]Cl2; (diamine = en (2a), bipy (2b), phen (2c)) and [Pd(Hbto)2(kappa2-diphosphine)]Cl2; (diphosphine = dppm (3a), dppe (3b), dppp (3c), dppf (3d)). Likewise, the mono phosphine (PPh3) was used to prepare the contrast complex with complex (1), however, to dissipate the suspicion that define complex [Pd(Hbto)2(PPh3)2]Cl2 is present in the cis or trans structure, two methods were used to prepare this complex, both of which demonstrated that the cis is the preferred structure for the complex [Pd(Hbto)2(PPh3)2]Cl2 (4). For all as-prepared complexes, the characterization techniques (molar conductivity, IR, 1H-, 13C-{1H}, 31P-{1H}NMR and elemental analyses) prove that the Hbto links to Pd(II) in a mono-dentate fashion through the exocyclic oxygen atom. To benefit from the complexes prepared, some as-prepared complexes (1), (2b) and (4) have been evaluated for their H2 storage at 77 K after measuring the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms in order to get some information about BET surface areas of the samples. The results demonstrate that the selected prepared complexes were all able of storing the H2 and among the complexes (1), (2b) and (4), (2b) was the best one and was able to store 5.4 wt% of H2 under 70 bar and 77 K.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method