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A novel series of PI3Kbeta (Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases beta subunit) inhibitors with the structure of benzothiazole scaffold have been designed and synthesized. All the compounds have been evaluated for inhibitory activities against PI3Kalpha, beta, gamma, delta and mTOR (Mammalian target of rapamycin). Two superior compounds have been further evaluated for the IC50 values against PI3Ks/mTOR. The most promising compound 11 displays excellent anti-proliferative activity and selectivity in multiple cancer cell lines, especially in the prostate cancer cell line. Docking studies indicate the morpholine group in 2-position of benzothiazole is necessary for the potent antitumor activity, which confirms our design is reasonable.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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? Iodoanilines bearing a diene side-chain at the 3-position were converted to tricyclic fused indole derivatives under palladium catalysis. This cascade reaction proceeds through an intramolecular Heck insertion of the diene, followed by an allylic amination reaction sequence. Experimental and computational studies indicated that K3S-allylpalladium complex-mediated substitution was operative for the latter cyclization.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Tertiary allylic alcohols equipped with a carboxyl group can be smoothly aminated under ambient conditions by a conceptually new and stereoselective protocol under palladium catalysis. The in situ formed Z-configured gamma-amino acid cyclizes to afford an alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactam, releasing water as the only byproduct. This practical catalytic transformation highlights the use of a carboxyl group acting as an activating and stereodirecting functional group to provide a wide series of pharma-relevant building blocks. Various control reactions support the crucial role of the carboxyl group in the substrate to mediate these transformations.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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A common strategy to incorporate four-membered ring system between benzimidazole and quinoline cores was developed by one-pot protocol involving the condensation of o-phenylenediamine with 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde derivatives followed by intramolecular palladium catalyzed C-N coupling. A series of ligands, palladium sources, bases and solvents were screened to optimize the reaction conditions for the synthesis of quinoline-fused azeto[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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We report a newly developed carbazoyl-derived P,N-type phosphine ligand (L1) for the monoarylation of acetone with aryl chlorides. The proposed Pd(dba)2/L1 catalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic reactivity toward highly electron rich and sterically congested aryl chlorides, with catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol % of Pd along with excellent chemoselectivity. A reaction rate study of the system using electronically diverse aryl chlorides determined the mechanisms regarding the rate-limiting steps in this reaction. The oxidative addition adduct of Pd-PhenCar-Phos with p-chlorotoluene showed the participation of N-Pd coordination in the metal complex. The isolated palladium complex C1 could be utilized as a precatalyst in the transformation and achieved performance comparable to that of the in situ generated palladium species.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The reaction of [Mo3S4(H2O) 9]4+(1) and [Mo3OS3(H 2O)9]4+ (2) with hydrotris(pyrazolyl)ethanol (HTpe) ligands produced [Mo3S4(Tpe)3]PF 6¡¤3CH2Cl2 ([5]PF63CH2Cl 2) and [Mo3OS3(Tpe)3] PF6¡¤4CH2Cl2 ([6]PF6¡¤4CH 2Cl2), respectively, using solvent extraction. Furthermore, the tungsten analogous comgammas, [W3S 4(Tpe)3]PF6¡¤4CH2Cl2 ([7]PF6¡¤ 4CH2Cl2) and [W 3OS3(Tpe)3]PF6¡¤2.5CH2Cl2 ([8]PF6¡¤2.5CH2Cl2) have been prepared using a similar procedure to that used in the preparation of 5. The cyclic voltammograms of 5, 6, and 7 show one reversible one-electron oxidation process and one reversible one-electron reduction process (5, E1/2 = -0.96 and 1.10V; 6, E1/2= -0.96 and 1.00V; 7, E1/2 = -1.54 and 0.77V: all values are given vs. SHE). Complex 8 also shows one reversible (E1/2= 0.61 V) and one irreversible one-electron oxidation processes (Epc = 1.12 V) and one irreversible one-electron reduction process (Epc = -1.54 V). The reaction of 5 with organometallic comgamma [Pd2(dba)3] in CH3CN afforded [Mo 3PdS4Cl(Tpe)3]¡¤ 4.5CH2Cl 2 ([11]¡¤4.5CH2Cl2). Complex 11 showed a high catalytic activity for the intramolecular cyclization of 4- pentynoic acid to give gamma-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone in the presence of Et3N. X-ray structure analyses of [5]PF6¡¤3CH2Cl2, [6]PF6¡¤4CH2Cl2, [7]PF 6¡¤4CH2Cl2, [8]PF6¡¤2. 5CH2Cl2, and [11]¡¤4.5CH2Cl2 revealed that each molybdenum or tungsten atom is bonded to the Tpe ligand.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The complexes Pd(diphos)(o-An)(I) (o-An = o-MeOC6H4; diphos = dppe (3), (S,S)-Chiraphos (4), (R,R)-Me-Duphos (5), (R,S) -t-Bu-Josiphos (6), (R)-Tol-Binap (7)) were prepared. Complex 6 catalyzed the coupling of PH(Me)(Ph)(BH3) (2) with o-AnI in the presence of base to yield PAMP-BH3 (P(Me)(Ph)(o-An)(BH3) (1)) in low enantiomeric excess. The course of stoichiometric reactions of 3-7 with 2 and NaOSiMe3 depended on the diphosphine ligand. Complexes 6 and 7 gave PAMP-BH3 (1) and Pd(0) species; no intermediates were observed. With 3, the intermediate Pd(dppe)(o-An)(P(Me)(Ph)(BH3)) (10) was observed by 31P NMR, while 4 gave the isolable diastereomeric palladium complexes (Sp)-Pd((S,S)-Chiraphos)(o-An)(P(Me)(Ph)(BH3)) (11a) and (RP)-Pd((S,S)-Chiraphos)(o-An)(P(Me)(Ph)(BH3)) (11b), whose absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallography after separation. The analogous Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(o-An)(P(Me)(Ph)(BH3)) diastereomers (12a,b) were also separated and isolated. Treatment of 4 with highly enantioenriched 2 (R or S) gave 11a or 11b in high diastereomeric excess with retention of configuration at phosphorus. P-C reductive elimination from either isomer of highly diastereoenriched 11 in the presence of excess diphenylacetylene yielded Pd((S,S)-Chiraphos)(PhC?CPh) (14) and highly enantioenriched PAMP-BH3 (1), with retention of configuration.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Novel strategies for the preparation of rigid cartwheel pincer metal complexes have been developed. The aromatic backbone of these materials ensures a high rigidity, which is expected to be important for a high retention when these multimetallic nanosize complexes are applied as homogeneous catalysts in a nanomembrane reactor. The ligand precursors C6[C6H3(CH2Y)2- 3,5]6 (10, Y = NMe2; 11, Y = SPh; 12, Y = PPh2; 13, Y = pz = pyrazol-1-yl) have been prepared in high yields from the key intermediate C6[C6H3 (CH2Br)2-3,5]6 (9). The hexakis(pincer) palladium(II) complexes C6[(PdX)-4-C6H2(CH2Y)2-3, 5]6 (14, Y = SPh, L = Cl; 15, Y = PPh2, L = Cl; 16, Y = pyrazol-1-yl, L = OAc; 17, Y = pyrazol-1-yl, L = Cl) have been prepared via direct electrophilic palladation of the corresponding ligands. The (tris)pincer ligand C6H3[Br-4-C6H3(CH2 NMe2)2-3,5]3-1,3,5 (20) was prepared via a triple-condensation reaction of 4-bromo-3,5-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]acetophenone (19). Reaction of 20 with Pd(dba)2 yielded the tripalladium complex C6H3[(PdBr)-4-C6H3(CH2 NMe2)2-3,5]3-1,3,5 (21). The crystal structure of 21 shows a propeller-like structure with D3 symmetry and a fixed bromine-bromine distance of 17.4573(4) A, approximately forming a triangle with a height of 15.2 A. These nanosize cartwheel pincer metal complexes based on tridentate Y,C,Y? pincer ligands have been used as homogeneous Lewis-acid catalysts. Moreover, the influence of the donor substituent Y on the catalytic activity of cationic mono-Y,C,Y? PdII complexes as Lewis-acid catalysts in the double Michael reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and ethyl alpha-cyanoacetate, as a model reaction, has been investigated. It was found that cationic N,C,N?-type pincer complexes (1a, Y = NMe2; 1b, Y = pz; 1c, Y = pz* = 3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl; 23) were superior to the P,C,P?- and S,C,S?-pincer complexes (1d, Y = PPh2-Le, Y = SPh). The nanosize cationic tri-N,C,N? PdII complex 23 was found to have a catalytic activity per catalytic site in the double Michael reaction of the same order of magnitude as the monopincer analogue 1a (k = 279 ¡Á 10-6 s-1 for 1a vs k = 232 ¡Á 10-6 s-1 for 23). The combination of the nanosize dimensions, the catalytic activity, and the high thermal and air stability makes these complexes excellent candidates for application in a continuous process in a nanomembrane reactor.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The palladium-catalyzed coupling of an enolate with an ortho-functionalized aryl halide (an alpha-arylation) furnishes a protected 1,5-dicarbonyl moiety that can be cyclized to an isoquinoline with a source of ammonia. This fully regioselective synthetic route tolerates a wide range of substituents, including those that give rise to the traditionally difficult to access electron-deficient isoquinoline skeletons. These two synthetic operations can be combined to give a three-component, one-pot isoquinoline synthesis. Alternatively, cyclization of the intermediates with hydroxylamine hydrochloride engenders direct access to isoquinoline N-oxides; and cyclization with methylamine, gives isoquinolinium salts. Significant diversity is available in the substituents at the C4 position in four-component, one-pot couplings, by either trapping the in situ intermediate after alpha-arylation with carbon or heteroatom-based electrophiles, or by performing an alpha,alpha-heterodiarylation to install aryl groups at this position. The alpha-arylation of nitrile and ester enolates gives access to 3-amino and 3-hydroxyisoquinolines and the alpha-arylation of tert-butyl cyanoacetate followed by electrophile trapping, decarboxylation and cyclization, C4-functionalized 3-aminoisoquinolines. An oxime directing group can be used to direct a C-H functionalization/bromination, which allows monofunctionalized rather than difunctionalized aryl precursors to be brought through this synthetic route.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Related Products of 72287-26-4, Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Patent, and a compound is mentioned, 72287-26-4, [1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), introducing its new discovery.

The first object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal compound that is stable to heat, light and so on, and has a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy and a low melting point. The second object is to provide a liquid crystal medium that is stable to heat, light and so on, has a broad temperature range of a liquid crystal phase, a large optical anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy, and exhibits an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase. The third object is to provide a variety of optical elements containing the liquid crystal medium, which can be used in a broad temperature range and has a short response time, a high contrast and a low driving voltage. A liquid crystal compound with branched alkyl or branched alkenyl as represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal medium (a liquid crystal composition or a polymer/liquid crystal composite material) containing the liquid crystal compound, and an optical element containing the liquid crystal medium are described. In formula (1), R1 is branched alkyl of C3-20 or branched alkenyl of C3-20. The ring A1, A2, A3, A4 or A5 is 1,4-phenylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, for example. Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are independently a single bond or C1-4 alkylene, for example. Y1 is fluorine, for example, m, n and p are independently 0 or 1, and 1?m+n+p?3.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method