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Organic solvent nanofiltration and adsorbents; A hybrid approach to achieve ultra low palladium contamination of post coupling reaction products
Due to potentially toxic contamination of pharmaceutical products, effective removal of palladium from post-reaction solutions is of great importance, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. This work addresses this challenge by combining organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) with adsorbents in a hybrid process. Post-reaction solutions resulting from acylation and Suzuki reactions were subjected to OSN, the catalyst was retained by the membrane, and the product was collected in the permeate. Palladium levels in the permeate were reduced further by using adsorbents. This technique achieved ultralow palladium concentration (<10 mg Pd kg product-1 for post-reaction solutions with toluene and ethyl acetate as solvents. The results obtained using the hybrid OSN-adsorbent process were compared to those using selected adsorbents only. When palladium was removed from a post-Suzuki reaction solution, using polystyrenebound trimercaptotriazine as the adsorbent, the hybrid process, while using 10 times less adsorbent than the adsorbent-only process, was able to reduce the product contamination to an 8.5 times lower level. It is thought that the membrane stage of this technique removes bulky ligated palladium along with palladium nanoparticles, species that are hard to remove by adsorption only. The residual palladium in the permeate stream comprises well-dissolved, smaller molecules, and these are removed very effectively by the adsorbent. This allows high-purity products to be achieved by treatment of the OSN permeate with low amounts of absorbents. Therefore, this hybrid process is recommended for separations where adsorbent-only treatment can result in significant product losses, or where strong ligand-palladium interactions compete with adsorbent active sites, keeping palladium in solution. Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Synthetic Route of 52409-22-0. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 52409-22-0
Reference：
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method