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Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and cleavage studies of mixed-ligand Cu(II) complexes of 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine

Four novel copper(II) complexes of the composition [CuLX] where L = 2,6-bis(benzimidazole-2yl)pyridine, X = dipyridophenazine (L1), 1,10-phenanthroline (L2), hydroxyproline (L3) and 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (L4) were synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, ESI-MS, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes [CuLL 1] (NO3)2 [1], [CuLL2](NO 3)2 [2], [CuLL3](NO3) [3] and [CuLL4] (NO4) [4] are stable at room temperature. In DMSO the complexes [1] and [2] are 1:2 electrolytes, [3] and [4] are 1:1 electrolytes. Based on elemental and spectral studies five coordinated geometry is assigned to all the four complexes. The interaction of four copper ion complexes with calf thymus DNA were carried out by UV-vis titrations, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermal melting and viscosity measurements .The binding constant (Kb) of the above four metal complexes were determined as 5.43¡Á 104 M, -1 2.56¡Á10 4 M-1, 1.21¡Á104 M-1 and 1.57¡Á 104 M-1 respectively. Quenching studies of the four complexes indicates that these complexes strongly bind to DNA, out of all complex 1 is binding more strongly. Viscosity measurements indicate the binding mode of complexes with CT DNA by intercalation through groove. Thermal melting studies also support intercalative binding. The nuclease activity of the above metal complexes shows that 1, 2 and 3 complexes cleave DNA through redox chemistry. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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A simple 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazole)pyridyl incorporated optical probe affording selective ratiometric targeting of biologically and environmentally significant Zn2+ under buffer condition

A new chemosensor, designated as Dibcid has been synthesized in two steps from readily accessible 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazole)pyridine. Our photophysical studies revealed that of the several metal ions examined, biologically and environmentally significant Zn2+ exhibited highly selective emission wavelength shifts under the buffer condition. In contrast to Zn2+, the coordinatively competing and toxic Cd2+ elicited less remarkable optical responses as evidenced by its two order of magnitude lower stability constant compared to that of Zn2+. Moreover, metal ions, viz. Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ exhibited insignificant optical perturbations even in concentrations far exceeding Zn2+. Clearly, the probe has the attributes to selectively target Zn2+ by ratiometric analysis under buffer conditions.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis and characterizations of hydride carbonyl ruthenium(II) complexes with (benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine ligand

The hydride carbonyl ruthenium(II) [RuH(CO)(bzimpy)(PPh3) 2]Cl¡¤CH3OH (1) and [RuH(CO)(bzimpy)(PPh 3)2]¡¤CH3OH (2) complexes were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 31P NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In the complexes the 2,6-bis-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine functions as bidentate ligand exists as protonated in (1) and deprotonated form in (2). The experimental studies were complemented by quantum chemical calculations which were used to identify the nature of the interactions between the ligands and the central ion and the orbital compositions in the frontier electronic structures. Based on a molecular orbital scheme, the calculated results allowed the interpretation of the UV-Vis spectra obtained at an experimental level.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis, crystal structure, photoluminescence and theoretical studies of a series of copper(I) compounds based on imidazole derivatives

Two mononuclear and one binuclear Cu(I) complexes that contain imidazole derivative ligands including 2-(2?-pyridyl)imidazole (L1), 2-(2?-pyridyl)benzimidazole(L2), and 2,6-bis (benzimidazol-2yl)-pyridine (L3) were synthesized. The formulas of these complexes are [CuL1(PPh 3)2][BF4] (1), [CuL2(PPh3) 2][BF4] (2), [Cu2(L3)2(PPh 3)2][BF4]2 (3), respectively. The crystal structures of complexes 1-3 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The Cu(I) ions in the complexes have a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Photophysical properties of complexes 1-3 were systematically studied. These complexes maximum emission are mainly concentrated in the 623-680 nm. An electroluminescent (EL) device using 2 as the emitter was fabricated. The device produced a red emission which matches with the PL spectrum. However, the EL device of 2 is unfavorable. The absorption properties of complexes 1 and 2 were theoretically analyzed by time-dependent density functional theory (DFT).The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis and catalytic activity of ruthenium(II) complexes containing pyridine-based tridentate triamines (? NNN ?) and pyridine carboxylate ligands (NO )

The reaction of [(p-cymene)RuCl2]2 with K[NO a-b] (NO- = 2-picolinate, a or 2-quinaldinate, b) gave neutral [(p-cymene)RuCl(NOa-b)] (1a-b), complexes which were treated with pyridine-based meridional triamine ligands (?NNN ?) to create complexes of the type [RuCl(NOa-b) (?NNN?)] (2a: ?N = Nd, NOa- = 2-picolinato; 2b: ?N = Nd, NOb- = 2-quinaldinato; 3a: ?N = Nb, NOa- = 2-picolinato; 3b: ?N = Nb, NOb- = 2-quinaldinato; 4a: ?N = Np, NOa- = 2-picolinato; 4b: ?N = Np, NOb- = 2-quinaldinato). The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and, 1b was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complexes 1-4 have been employed as catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of acetophenone derivatives to secondary alcohols in the presence of KOH using 2-propanol as a hydrogen source at 82 C. The highest catalytic activity was obtained with 3a.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Alternating alpha-Olefin Distributions via Single and Double Insertions in Chromium-Catalyzed Ethylene Oligomerization

The catalytic oligomerization of ethylene with chromium-based complexes containing bis(benzimidazolemethyl)amine (BIMA) ligands results in alternating distributions of linear alpha-olefins (LAOs). Extremely high activities are obtained (>100 000 g mmol-1 h-1 bar-1) with N-alkyl-substituted BIMA ligands, whereas bulky groups on the central nitrogen or alternative central donors result in much lower activities. Variations in the ligand backbone, as well as methylation of the benzimidazole units, lead to reduction in activity. The alternating LAO distributions have been mathematically analyzed using second-order recurrence relations. The shape of the distributions is affected by ethylene pressure (1-4 bar) and by the cocatalyst to some degree. On the basis of the results and analysis presented herein, we propose that the alternating behavior originates from the ability of these chromium BIMA catalysts to undergo single as well as double ethylene insertion reactions. A minor second distribution (<5 wt %) of 2-ethyl-1-alkenes is obtained under certain conditions, resulting from incorporation of 1-butene. DFT studies (M06L) and experimental observations regarding the reaction between AlMe3 and the N-methyl BIMA ligand 2 have shown that deprotonation of the benzimidazole N-H units can occur, which suggests a change in coordination of the BIMA ligand under oligomerization conditions. Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Synthetic Route of 14220-64-5. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 14220-64-5

Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Silphox [POCl3-n(SiO2)n] as a new, efficient, and heterogeneous reagent for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives under microwave irradiation

Silphox [POCl3-n(SiO2)n] efficiently catalyzes the condensation of benzene-1,2-diamine with mono and dicarboxylic acids under microwave irradiation to afford benzimidazole derivatives in high yields and short reaction times.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Discovery of Bis(benzonitrile)palladium chloride

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Toward equatorial planarity about uranyl: Synthesis and structure of tridentate nitrogen-donor {UO2}2+ complexes

The reaction of UO2Cl2¡¤3THF with the tridentate nitrogen donor ligand 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine (H 2BBP) in pyridine leads to the formation of three different complexes: [(UO2)(H2BBP)Cl2] (1), [(UO) 2(HBBP)(Py)Cl] (2), and [(UO2)(BBP)(Py)2] (3) after successive deprotonation of H2BBP with a strong base. Crystallographic determination of 1-3 reveals that increased charge through ligand deprotonation and displacement of chloride leads to equatorial planarity about uranyl as well as a more compact overall coordination geometry. Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectra of 1-3 at the U-4d edges have been recorded using a soft X-ray Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) and reveal the uranium 4d5/2 and 4d3/2 transitions at energies associated with uranium in the hexavalent oxidation state. First-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations for the complexes have been performed to determine and validate the coordination characteristics, which correspond well to the experimental results.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis, characterization, and butadiene polymerization of iron(III), iron(II) and cobalt(II) chlorides bearing 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridyl or 2,6-bis(pyrazol)pyridine ligand

Iron(III), iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes bearing neutral N,N,N-tridentate ligand (Fe(III)L1, 1a; Fe(III)L2, 1b; Fe(III)L3, 1c; Fe(III)L4, 2a; Fe(III)L5, 2b; Fe(III)L6, 2c; Fe(II)L1, 3a; Fe(II)L2, 3b; Fe(II)L3, 3c; Fe(II)L4, 4a; Fe(II)L5, 4b; Fe(II)L6, 4c; CoL1, 5a; CoL2, 5b; CoL3, 5c; CoL5, 6b and CoL6, 6c) have been synthesized from the metal chlorides (FeCl3, FeCl2¡¤4H2O or CoCl2) by treating the corresponding ligands (2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, L1; 2,6-bis(1?-ethylbenzimidazol-2?-yl)pyridine, L2; 2,6-bis(1?-benzylbenzimidazol-2?-yl)pyridine, L3; 2,6-bis(pyrazol)pyridine L4; 2,6-bis(3-methylpyrazol)pyridine, L5 or 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol)pyridine, L6. The complexes are characterized by FTIR and elemental analyses. The structures of complexes 1a, 1b, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 5a, 5b, 5c and 6c are further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Six coordination iron(III) (1a, 1b and 1c) and iron(II) (3c*DMF) complexes adopt a distorted octahedral configuration with the equatorial plane formed by the three nitrogen atoms and one chlorine atom, while the iron(II) (3a, 3b and 4a) and cobalt complexes (5a, 5b, 5c and 6c) adopt a trigonal bipyramidal configuration with the equatorial plane formed by the pyridyl nitrogen atoms and the two chlorine atoms. All complexes are evaluated as precursors for 1,3-butadiene polymerization in the presence of cocatalyst in toluene at room temperature. Iron(III) and iron(II) bearing the same ligand show comparable catalytic performance. The catalytic activity and selectivity are significantly influenced by the ligand structure, with the latter being tunable within a wide range from cis-1,4 to trans-1,4. Cobalt complexes, in combination with either MAO or aluminum chlorides shown high activity, and high cis-1,4-selectivity irrespective of the structure of ligand backbone.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and cleavage studies of mixed-ligand copper (II) complexes

New two copper complexes of type [Cu(Bzimpy)(L)H2O]SO4 (where L?=?2,2? bipyridine (bpy), and ethylene diamine (en)), Bzimpy?=?2,6-bis(benzimidazole-2yl)pyridine have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass, IR, electronic and EPR spectral studies. Based on elemental and spectral studies six coordinated geometries were assigned to the two complexes. DNA-binding properties of these metal complexes were investigated using absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, viscosity measurements and thermal denaturation methods. Experimental studies suggest that the complexes bind to DNA through intercalation. These complexes also promote the cleavage of plasmid pBR322, in the presence of H2O2.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method