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A variety of hexacoordinate pincer complexes are described herein having electronic structure advantageous for electronic and/or optoelectronic applications. In some embodiments, the pincer complexes are luminescent, exhibiting fluorescence and/or phosphorescence. Briefly, a hexacoordinate complex comprises a central atom selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, and tin, and two pincer ligands bound to the central atom, wherein the hexacoordinate complex is luminescent. In another aspect, a hexacoordinate complex comprises a central atom selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium and tin, and two pincer ligands bound to the central atom, wherein the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the hexacoordinate complex is at least 1.5 eV.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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14220-64-5, Name is Bis(benzonitrile)palladium chloride, belongs to catalyst-palladium compound, is a common compound. Product Details of 14220-64-5In an article, once mentioned the new application about 14220-64-5.

The invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell of the two pro-asymmetric synthetic imidazole ruthenium complex and its preparation method, which belongs to the technical field of synthetic chemistry. The preparation according to method 2, 6 – b (N – (2, 4, 6 – methyl – 3, 5 – diethyl phosphonate ester methyl – benzyl) – 2 – benzimidazolyl) pyridine as a fixed ligands, using pyridine rich complex chemical nature, the introduction of the auxiliary ligand in the benzimidazole group, and alkoxy structure pyrenyl to synthesize novel dye-sensitized solar cell for two pro-asymmetric synthetic imidazole ruthenium complex [Ru (Py2 G1MeBip) (XPOH)] (PF6 )2 , Amphiphilic complex molecule in the presence of hydrophobic unit so that even in the presence of a small amount of water, still can greatly improve the stability of the battery, to improve the stability of the water-resistance of the complex. The complex molecule of the fixture in the ligand so that the complex molecules can be adsorbed onto the ITO and the like on the conductive substrate, is excellent photosensitive dye. (by machine translation)

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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An N-butyl derivative of 2,6-bis(1-butyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridine was used to prepare a series of five manganese(II) complexes, which were characterised by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The molecular structures of the complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complexes contain five, six or seven-coordinate manganese(II) ions, depending on the counter ions. The complexes [Mn(L)Cl2] and [Mn(L)(NCS) 2] have five-coordinate manganese centres, while [Mn(L) 2](ClO4)2 is six-coordinate. In [Mn(L)(NO 3)2], both nitrate ions behave as bidentate chelating ligands, resulting in a seven-coordinate complex. The N-butyl benzimidazole ligand is tridentate in all the complexes. All of the complexes are active catalase mimics and [Mn(L)Cl2] is the most efficient catalyst for the disproportion hydrogen peroxide, with a turnover number of 68 s-1.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The tridentate ligand 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine has the ability to detect toxic benzene metabolites such as phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol and p-benzoquinone by simple techniques like UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation of a stable supramolecular complex between 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine and hydroquinone was confirmed by X-ray analysis.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Abstract The rational design of metal-based complexes is an effective strategy for the discovery of potent sensitizers for use in cancer radiotherapy. In this study, we synthesized three ruthenium complexes containing bis-benzimidazole derivatives: Ru(bbp)Cl3 (1), [Ru(bbp)2]Cl2 (2 a) (in which bbp=2,6-bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)pyridine), and [Ru(bnbp)2]Cl2 (2 b) (where bnbp=2,6-bis-(6-nitrobenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine). We evaluated their radiosensitization capacities in vitro and mechanisms of action. Complex 2 b was found to be particularly effective in sensitizing human melanoma A375 cells toward radiation, with a sensitivity enhancement ratio of 2.4. Along with this potency, complex 2 b exhibited a high degree of selectivity between human cancer and normal cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2 b promotes radiation-induced accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by reacting with cellular glutathione (GSH) and then causing DNA stand breaks. The subsequent DNA damage induces phosphorylation of p53 (p-p53) and upregulates the expression levels of p21, which inhibits the expression of cyclin-B, leading to G2M arrest. Moreover, p-p53 activates caspases-3 and -8, triggers cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), finally resulting in apoptosis. Taken together, the results of this study provide a strategy for the design of ruthenium-based radiosensitizers for use in cancer therapy.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The syntheses and characterisation of chromium(III) complexes with tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (ntb), 2-guanidinobenzimidazole (2gb), 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine (bbimpy) and 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (2pb), of composition [Cr(ntb)Cl2]Cl·4.5H2O (1), [Cr(2gb)3]Cl[ZnCl4]·CH3OH (2), [Cr(2gb)3]Cl3·4H2O (3), [Cr2(2gb)4(mu-OH)2](ClO4)4·5H2O (4), [Cr(b-bimpy)Cl3] (5) and [Cr(2pb)2Cl2]Cl·C2H5OH·0.5H2O (6) are presented. The compounds are obtained from Cr(III)in alcoholic solution, or a Cr(II) aqueous acidic solution. The latter were carried out under air-free conditions. The reaction of 2gb with Cr(II) in aqueous solution yielded a dinuclear compound. The X-ray crystal structures of 1 and 4 are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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In hydroxotriphenyltin 2,6-bis(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine hydrate (1/1/1), [Sn(C6H5)3(OH)]·C19H 13N5·-H2O, the water molecule is hydrogen bonded to the hydroxo O atom, the two imino N atoms of the benzimidazolyls flanking the pyridine unit and one of the two amino N atoms of an adjacent N-heterocycle [O…O = 2.680 (5) A; O…N = 2.831 (5), 2.930 (6) and 2.767 (6) A]. The hydrogen-bonding architecture gives rise to a two-dimensional network structure in which alternate N-heterocycles are stacked perpendicular to each other when the structure is viewed along the z axis. The organotin moiety shows tetrahedral coordination at tin.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine was shown to exhibit potent anionophoric activity via a process of both Cl-/NO3- antiport and H+/Cl- symport. This is in sharp contrast to the finding that its corresponding N-methylated analog exhibited negligible activity and reveals the importance of the imidazolyl-NH fragments in the anion-transport process.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Spin-crossover (SCO) molecular solids are valued switchable materials for their common abrupt and reversible thermal transitions, large thermal hysteresis, or guest-dependent effects. These properties usually involve crystallographic transitions coupled to the SCO events. These phenomena are of great value for the understanding of solid-state transformations and also for exploiting them. We present here a lattice of the complex [FeL(bbp)](ClO4)2 (1; L and bbp are tris-imine ligands) featuring an unprecedented rich succession of SCO and crystallographic phase transformations. Magnetometry measurements unveil a thermally irreversible sequence of spin conversions that delineate four different thermal pathways. All of these are single-crystal-to-single-crystal processes and can thus be monitored by single crystal X-ray diffraction using one unique specimen. Fresh crystals of 1 contain one molecule of acetone per Fe center (1·ac) that abandons the lattice upon warming at the same time that a SCO from an ordered mixed spin state (1:1 high spin/low spin; HS/LS) to a fully HS state, 1alpha, occurs. This crystallographic phase, accessed through a template effect by the solvent, converts into another one, 1beta, upon cooling, as triggered by a HS to LS SCO. Warming of 1beta induces a new SCO (LS to ordered HS/LS) coupled to another crystallographic phase transition, 1beta ? 1gamma. The fully HS state of 1gamma can not be reached before decomposition of the compound. Instead, this phase cycles between the HS/LS and the LS states through superimposable pathways, different from that of the prerequired 1beta ? 1gamma phase change. Analysis of the thermal variation of the free energy, G, through density functional theory methods provides trends in agreement with the observation of these transformations and clarifies the possible metastable nature of the various phases identified. This unique behavior allows the access to four different magnetic responses depending on the thermal history of the sample, within a given range of temperatures near the ambient conditions.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The judicious selection of pairs of benzimidazole-ligated ruthenium complexes allowed the construction of a rechargeable proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET)-type redox battery. A series of ruthenium(II) and -(III) complexes were synthesized that contain substituted benzimidazoles that engage in PCET reactions. The formation of intramolecular Ru-C cyclometalation bonds stabilized the resulting ruthenium(III) complexes, in which pKa values of the imino N-H protons on the benzimidazoles are usually lower than those for the corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes. As a proof-of-concept study for a solution redox battery based on such PCET reactions, the charging/discharging cycles of several pairs of ruthenium complexes were examined by chronopotentiometry in an H-type device with half-cells separated by a Nafion membrane in unbuffered CH3CN/H2O (1/1, v/v) containing 0.1 M NaCl. During the charging/discharging cycles, the pH value of the solution gradually changed accompanied by a change of the open-circuit potential (OCP). The changes for the OCP and pH value of the solution in the anodic and cathodic half-cells were in good agreement with the predicted values from the Pourbaix diagrams for the pairs of ruthenium complexes used. Accordingly, the careful selection of pairs of ruthenium complexes with a sufficient potential gradient and a suitably large pKa difference is crucial: the charge generated between the two ruthenium complexes changes the OCP and the pH difference between the two cells in an unbuffered solution, given that the PCET reactions occur at both electrodes and that discharging leads to the original state. Because the electric energy is stored as a pH gradient between the half-cells, new possibilities for PCET-type rocking-chair redox batteries arise.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method