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Oligomers and soluble polymers from the vinyl polymerization of norbornene and 5-vinyl-2-norbornene with cationic palladium catalysts

Oligomeric vinyl polynorbornene (2 to ?12 monomer units) was obtained via hydrooligomerization of norbornene (NB) using the cationic palladium complexes [Pd(PPh3)n(NCCH3)4-n] (BF4)2 [n = 0 (1), 3 (2)] at different hydrogen pressures. The vinyl polymerization of norbornene (NB) in the ionic liquid N-butyl-N-trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BtMA +NTf2-) with [Pd(NCCH3) 4](BF4)2 led to soluble polynorbornenes (with several hundred monomer units) at different temperatures and molar NB:Pd ratios. The norbornene derivative 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB) was oligomerized in high yield with 1 in CH3NO2 primarily through the (endocyclic) norbornene double bond but also through both the norbornene and (exocyclic) vinyl double bond for about every second monomer (by 1H NMR). A 2D 1H,13C-HSQC NMR analysis suggests a beta-hydrogen elimination after insertion of a norbornene double bond as chain-termination mechanism. The conversion of NB or VNB increased with temperature and a lower NB:Pd and VNB:Pd ratio, respectively. The vinyl double bond in VNB slowed down the insertion rate drastically when compared with NB (activity decrease by a factor of 102).

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method