In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 69861-71-8, name is Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium(0), introducing its new discovery. name: Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium(0)
The Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of 4-bromoacetophenone with n-butanol to provide the corresponding benzoic acid ester was studied systematically by evaluating the effect of critical reaction parameters, i.e., temperature, CO pressure, solvent, base, catalyst precursor, and ligand/Pd ratio. At 100-130C, the catalyst exhibited the highest efficiency using 4-bromoacetophenone/n-butanol system. CO pressure showed substantial influence on the catalyst productivity. Neat alcohol was the best solvent for the reaction. The catalysts precursors Pd(PPh3)4 or a combination of PdCl2(PhCN)2/80 equivalence gave the best productivities. Sodium acetate and sodium carbonate led to significantly lower ester yields than the amine bases. The P/Pd ratio variation in PPh3 showed an optimum value of ~ 8 equivalence of the ligand to Pd under the reaction conditions (0.1 mole % PdCl2(PhCN)2, 1.2 equivalence NEt3, 14 ml n-butanol, 5 bar CO, and 130C) for high catalyst stability and activity.
We’ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, the role of 69861-71-8, and how the biochemistry of the body works.name: Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium(0)
Reference：
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method