Synthetic Route of C24H51OP. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: Tri-n-octylphosphine Oxide, is researched, Molecular C24H51OP, CAS is 78-50-2, about Mechanistic insight into the precursor chemistry of ZrO2 and HfO2 nanocrystals; towards size-tunable syntheses. Author is Pokratath, Rohan; Van den Eynden, Dietger; Cooper, Susan Rudd; Mathiesen, Jette Katja; Waser, Valerie; Devereux, Mike; Billinge, Simon J. L.; Meuwly, Markus; Jensen, Kirsten M. Oe.; De Roo, Jonathan.
One can nowadays readily generate monodisperse colloidal nanocrystals, but a retrosynthetic anal. is still not possible since the underlying chem. is often poorly understood. Here, we provide insight into the reaction mechanism of colloidal zirconia and hafnia nanocrystals synthesized from metal chloride and metal isopropoxide. We identify the active precursor species in the reaction mixture through a combination of NMR spectroscopy (NMR), d. functional theory (DFT) calculations, and pair distribution function (PDF) anal. We gain insight into the interaction of the surfactant, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), and the different precursors. Interestingly, we identify a peculiar X-type ligand redistribution mechanism that can be steered by the relative amount of Lewis base (L-type). We further monitor how the reaction mixture decomposes using solution NMR and gas chromatog., and we find that ZrCl4 is formed as a byproduct of the reaction, limiting the reaction yield. The reaction proceeds via two competing mechanisms: E1 elimination (dominating) and SN1 substitution (minor). Using this new mechanistic insight, we adapted the synthesis to optimize the yield and gain control over nanocrystal size. These insights will allow the rational design and synthesis of complex oxide nanocrystals.
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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method