Application of 52409-22-0, Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In some cases, the catalyzed mechanism may include additional steps.In a article, 52409-22-0, molcular formula is C51H42O3Pd2, introducing its new discovery.
Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of 5-halouracils and 5-halouracil nucleosides with arenes and heteroarenes promoted by TBAF
The 1-N-benzyl-5-iodo(or bromo)uracil undergoes Pd-catalyzed [Pd 2(dba)3] direct arylation with benzene and other simple arenes in the presence of TBAF in DMF without the necessity of adding any ligands or additives to give 5-arylated uracil analogues. The TBAF-promoted coupling also occurs efficiently with electron rich heteroarenes at 100 C (1 h) even with only small excess of heteroarenes. The protocol avoids usage of the arylboronic acid or stannane precursors for the synthesis of 5-(2-furyl, or 2-thienyl, or 2-pyrrolyl)uracil nucleosides, which are used as important RNA and DNA fluorescent probes. The fact that 1-N-benzyl-3-N-methyl-5-iodouracil did not undergo the TBAF-promoted couplings with arenes or heteroarenes suggests that the C4-alkoxide (enol form of uracil) facilitates coupling by participation in the intramolecular processes of hydrogen abstraction from arenes. TBAF-promoted arylation was extended into the other enolizable heterocyclic systems such as 3-bromo-2-pyridone. The pi-excessive heteroarenes also coupled with 5-halouracils in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/Cs2CO 3/PivOH combination in DMF (100 C, 2 h) to yield 5-arylated uracils.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 52409-22-0 is helpful to your research. Application of 52409-22-0
Reference：
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method