Tag: M.W:100-200

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 2-Cyano-2-methylpropanoic acid, is researched, Molecular C5H7NO2, CAS is 22426-30-8, about Exploring the synthetic applicability of a cyanobacterium nitrilase as catalyst for nitrile hydrolysis.Recommanded Product: 2-Cyano-2-methylpropanoic acid.

The substrate specificity and synthetic applicability of the nitrilase from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 have been examined This nitrilase catalyzed the hydrolysis of both aromatic and aliphatic nitriles to the corresponding acids in high yields. Furthermore, the stereoselective hydrolysis of phenyl-substituted β-hydroxy nitriles to (S)-enriched β-hydroxy carboxylic acids and selective hydrolysis of α,ω-dinitriles with five or less methylene groups to ω-cyano carboxylic acids have been achieved. This suggested that nitrilase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 could be a useful enzyme catalyst for the “”green”” nitrile hydrolysis.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Computed Properties of C6H5NO3. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 5-Hydroxynicotinic acid, is researched, Molecular C6H5NO3, CAS is 27828-71-3, about From 5-hydroxynicotinic acid to nitrogenous (4 + 3)-cycloadducts. Author is Harmata, Alexander S.; Harmata, Michael.

The detailed three-step preparation of azabicyclo[4.3.1]decadienone I from 5-hydroxynicotinic acid, via a [4+3]-cycloaddition of a N-alkyl oxidopyridinium salt with a diene, was reported. Extension of the methodol. leading to other [4+3]-cycloaddition adducts was also discussed.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: Isoquinolin-6-ol(SMILESS: OC1=CC2=C(C=NC=C2)C=C1,cas:7651-82-3) is researched.SDS of cas: 1195-58-0. The article 《PhenoFluor: Practical Synthesis, New Formulation, and Deoxyfluorination of Heteroaromatics》 in relation to this compound, is published in Organic Process Research & Development. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:7651-82-3).

We report a practical synthesis method of the reagent PhenoFluor [N,N’-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole] on decagram scale, provide a new formulation of PhenoFluor as a toluene solution, which should decrease challenges associated with the moisture sensitivity of the reagent, and expand the substrate scope of deoxyfluorination with PhenoFluor to heteroaromatics Thus, e.g., deoxyfluorination of isoquinolin-5-ol with PhenoFluor and CsF afforded 5-fluoroisoquinoline in 93% yield.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 5-Hydroxynicotinic acid(SMILESS: O=C(O)C1=CN=CC(O)=C1,cas:27828-71-3) is researched.Category: quinazoline. The article 《Poly[tetraaqua(5-hydroxypyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylato-κO3)tris(μ-oxalato-κ4O1,O2:O1′,O2′)dieuropium(III)]》 in relation to this compound, is published in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:27828-71-3).

In the title compound, [Eu2(C6H5NO3)2(C2O4)3(H2O)4]n, the EuIII atom is bonded to one O atom from a monodentate 5-hydroxypyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate ligand, six O atoms from three oxalate ligands and two water mols., exhibiting a highly distorted tricapped trigonal geometry. Three independent oxalate ligands, each lying on an inversion center, bridge the EuIII atoms, forming a brickwall-like layer parallel to (001), which is stabilized by intralayer O-H···O hydrogen bonds. The layers are further linked through interlayer O-H···O and N-H···O hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.5741(14) Å] into a three-dimensional supramol. network.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 7651-82-3, is researched, SMILESS is OC1=CC2=C(C=NC=C2)C=C1, Molecular C9H7NOJournal, Article, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters called Biaryl substituted hydantoin compounds as TACE inhibitors, Author is Yu, Wensheng; Tong, Ling; Kim, Seong Heon; Wong, Michael K. C.; Chen, Lei; Yang, De-Yi; Shankar, Bandarpalle B.; Lavey, Brian J.; Zhou, Guowei; Kosinski, Aneta; Rizvi, Razia; Li, Dansu; Feltz, Robert J.; Piwinski, John J.; Rosner, Kristin E.; Shih, Neng-Yang; Siddiqui, M. Arshad; Guo, Zhuyan; Orth, Peter; Shah, Himanshu; Sun, Jing; Umland, Shelby; Lundell, Daniel J.; Niu, Xiaoda; Kozlowski, Joseph A., the main research direction is biaryl hydantoin preparation TACE inhibitor SAR.Recommanded Product: 7651-82-3.

We disclose further optimization of hydantoin TNF-α convertase enzyme (TACE) inhibitors. SAR with respect to the non-prime region of TACE active site was explored. A series of biaryl substituted hydantoin compounds was shown to have sub-nanomolar K i, good rat PK, and good selectivity vs. MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Name: 5-Hydroxynicotinic acid. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 5-Hydroxynicotinic acid, is researched, Molecular C6H5NO3, CAS is 27828-71-3, about Increase in erythrocyte hemolytic resistance by nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives. Author is Braginskaya, F. I.; Kruglyakova, K. E.; Smirnov, L. D.; Zorina, O. M.; Zhumabaeva, T. T..

Four pyridines, 2 pyrimidines, and 2 benzimidazoles were screened for their ability to inhibit ultrasonic hemolysis and acetylcholinesterase  [9000-81-1] of human erythrocytes. The greatest membrane-stabilizing effect, as well as the greatest enzyme-inhibiting effect, was associated with Me-substituted pyrimidines and benzimidazoles.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

COA of Formula: C6H5NO3. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 5-Hydroxynicotinic acid, is researched, Molecular C6H5NO3, CAS is 27828-71-3, about Application of the Hammett equation to substituted pyridines.

Rates of hydrolysis of Et 5-substituted nicotinates and pKa’s of 5-substituted nicotinic acids were measured and the Hammett relations discussed. Acetylation of 5-aminonicotinic acid (I) gave 5-acetamidonicotinic acid, m. 160-1°. Heating 30 g. 5-bromonicotinic acid, 25 g. KOH, 6 g. CuSO4·5H2O, 6 g. Na tartrate and 100 ml. H2O for 48 hrs. at 170-80° gave 65% 5-hydroxynicotinic acid, m. 292-3°. Methylation of Et 5-hydroxynicotinate with CH2N2 gave Et 5-methoxynicotinate, m. 42.5-3.5°, hydrolysis of which gave 5-methoxynicotinic acid, m. 136-7°. Oxidation of 10 g. I with 100 ml. 30% H2O2 and 200 ml. fuming H2SO4 (d. = 1.93) yielded 43% 5-nitronicotinic acid, m. 171-2°. The rates of hydrolysis of Et esters in 85 weight % EtOH with NaOH were obtained at 0°, 15° and 25° (5-substituent, Ea and log A given): Br, 16.5, 12.3; Cl, 17.5, 13.0; MeO, 15.8, 12.0; H, 17.0, 12.5; Me, 17.4, 12.9; NH2, 18.7, 13.7. The following Hammett equations were obtained: log k = 2.26 σm – 1.60 at 25°; log k = 2.13 σm – 1.99 at 15°; log k = 2.32 σm – 2.74 at 0°. The ratio of ρ at 25° for nicotinates and ρ at 25° for benzoates is 0.89. pKa’s obtained in 50 volume % EtOH at 25° for the following 5-substituted nicotinates were as follows: Me 4.92, H 4.70, MeO 4.57, Br 4.02, NO2 3.55. Thus log Ka = 1.73 σm – 4.75 hold. The ratio of ρ to that of substituted benzoic acids is 1.08. Thus the ratio of ρ’s of pyridine and benzene analogs is close to unity when cross-conjugation among substituents, reacting group, and N does not exist.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Selective reduction of 2,2′,4,4′-tetranitrobiphenyl》. Authors are Bailey, William J..The article about the compound:Isoquinolin-6-olcas:7651-82-3,SMILESS:OC1=CC2=C(C=NC=C2)C=C1).Application In Synthesis of Isoquinolin-6-ol. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:7651-82-3) is conveyed.

Adding (1 hr.) 152 g. Na2S and 48 g. NaHCO3 in 400 cc. warm H2O to 67 g. [2,4-(O2N)2C6H3]2, m. 163-4°, in 2.5 l. boiling MeOH with stirring and avoiding a large excess of Na2S throughout the reaction, and concentrating the filtered solution give 2 crops totaling 62% 2,2′-dinitrobenzidine, m. 212-14° [N,N’-Ac2 derivative, 81%, m. 292-3° (decomposition)], identical with that obtained on nitration of benzidine with NaNO3 and H2SO4 according to Tauber [Ber. 28, 379(1890)].

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Name: 2-Cyano-2-methylpropanoic acid. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 2-Cyano-2-methylpropanoic acid, is researched, Molecular C5H7NO2, CAS is 22426-30-8, about Development of Nonpeptidic Inverse Agonists of the Ghrelin Receptor (GHSR) Based on the 1,2,4-Triazole Scaffold. Author is Haj Salah, Khoubaib Ben; Maingot, Mathieu; Blayo, Anne-Laure; M’Kadmi, Celine; Damian, Marjorie; Mary, Sophie; Cantel, Sonia; Neasta, Jeremie; Oiry, Catherine; Peraldi-Roux, Sylvie; Fernandez, Gimena; Romero, Guadalupe Garcia; Perello, Mario; Marie, Jacky; Baneres, Jean-Louis; Fehrentz, Jean-Alain; Denoyelle, Severine.

GHSR controls, among others, growth hormone and insulin secretion, adiposity, feeding, and glucose metabolism Therefore, an inverse agonist ligand capable of selectively targeting GHSR and reducing its high constitutive activity appears to be a good candidate for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases. In this context, we present a study that led to the development of several highly potent and selective inverse agonists of GHSR based on the 1,2,4-triazole scaffold. We demonstrate that, depending on the nature of the substituents on positions 3, 4, and 5, this scaffold leads to ligands that exert an intrinsic inverse agonist activity on GHSR-catalyzed G protein activation through the stabilization of a specific inactive receptor conformation. Thanks to an in vivo evaluation, we also show that one of the most promising ligands, compound I, not only exerts an effect on insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets but also affects the orexigenic effects of ghrelin in mice.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 27828-71-3, is researched, Molecular C6H5NO3, about Acid-base reactions of β-hydroxypyridinecarboxylic acids, the main research direction is pyridinecarboxylate hydroxy ionization protonation; ionization hydroxypyridinecarboxylate; protonation hydroxypyridinecarboxylate; tautomerism hydroxypyridinecarboxylate.Application of 27828-71-3.

The protonation and ionization constants of 5-hydroxynicotinic and -picolinic and 3-hydroxyisonicotinic acids and their Et esters were determined In strongly acidic media these acids are protonated; as the pH is increased, they exist 1st as the bipolar ions (e.g., I), then as tautomeric monoanions, and finally as the dianions. The pH limits of these forms were determined for the 3 acids.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method